2001 President Bush on War We learned some very important lessons in Vietnam. Perhaps the most important lesson that I learned is that you cannot fight a guerrilla war with conventional forces.

1984 First U.S. woman to walk in space Dr. Kathryn Sullivan aboard the space shuttle Challenger.

1983 Telephone The last hand-crank magneto telephone call is made (Bryant Pond Telephone Company in Bryant Pond, Maine).

1983 Just say no Nancy Reagan introduces her anti-drug philosophy.

1978 Sex Pistols Sid Vicious' girlfriend "nauseating Nancy" Spungen is stabbed to death at her and Sid's New York hotel room. Sid died of a heroin overdose before he could be tried.

1968 Apollo 7 launched, provided first live TV transmissions from space.

1950 Color TV CBS is issued a license by the FCC to begin color TV broadcasting.

1919 First airline in-flight meal A cold boxed lunch is offered on Handley Page Transport flights.

1868 Edison applies for his first patent for an electrical vote recorder.

1950 Andrew Woolfolk American reeds player, with Earth, Wind & Fire. Music: Shining Star (1975, #1, Grammy), Best of My Love (1977, #1), and After the Love has Gone (1979, #2, Grammy).

1948 Daryl Hall (Daryl Hohl), American singer with Hall & Oates.

1928 Roscoe Robinson Jr d. 1993 American brigadier general, first black U.S. four-star general.

1914 Mickey Daniels d. 1970 (Richard Daniels, Jr.), American actor, appeared in 49 of the Our Gang films.

1910 Joseph W. Alsop d. 1989 American syndicated political columnist, co-wrote the columns Capitol Parade (1937-40) and Matter of Fact (1945-58).

1900 Eddie Dyer d. 1964 American baseball player, manager. He was the first rookie manager to win the World Series (1946, St. Louis Cardinals).

1884 Friedrich Bergius d. 1949 German Nobel-winning chemist. He invented the process of extracting oil from coal and discovered a process for converting wood into sugar.

1884 Eleanor Roosevelt d. 1962 Pres. F.D. Roosevelt's wife.

1844 Henry John Heinz d. 1919 American food manufacturer, founder of H.J. Heinz Co. (1888).

1821 Sir George Williams d. 1905 English merchant, founded the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA, 1844).

1758 Wilhelm Olbers d. 1840 German astronomer, discovered two asteroids, several comets, a method of determining their orbits, and Olbers' Paradox: "If the stars are distributed evenly through infinite space, why is the night sky dark?"

1991 Redd Foxx b. 1922 (John Elroy Sanford), American actor. TV: Sanford & Son (Fred Sanford). He was the only entertainer to attend Elvis Presley's wedding (1967).

1985 Tex Williams b. 1917 (Sol Williams), American country singer. Music: Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette) (1947, #1), which was Capitol Records' first million-seller.

1961 Chico Marx b. 1891 (Leonard Marx), American comedian, piano-playing Marx Brother.

1953 James Earle Fraser b. 1876 American sculptor. He designed the U.S. Buffalo nickel.

1918 Archibald M. Willard b. 1836 American artist. He is best known for his painting The Spirit of '76, which is exhibited in Abbott Hall in Massachusetts.

1889 James Prescott Joule b. 1818 English physicist, for whom Joule's Law is named.

1809 Meriwether Lewis b. 1774 American soldier, explorer, governor of Louisiana territory. With Clark he explored the American West (1804-06) establishing a route to the Pacific.

1779 Casimir Pulaski b. 1747 Polish general and American Revolutionary War hero.

1347 Louis IV b. circa 1287 Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1314-47).

1303 Boniface VIII b. circa 1228 193rd Pope (1294-1303), did not believe in the immortality of the soul.

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