Today's Trivia and What Happened on July 4

Can you figure out the phrase?

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The base is under assault (the base is under a salt)

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Quote: All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing. - Edmund Burke

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Holidays

Independence Day

Commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress. It declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire.

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What Happened On

50 Star American Flag

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50 Star American Flag

July 4, 1960

The U.S. officially raises its new 50-star flag for the first time. The 50th star was added for Hawaii, which had gained its statehood in August 1959.
The flag was designed by 17-year-old high school student Robert G. Heft. His design was chosen out of over 1,500 designs submitted. Heft claimed to have designed the flag as a school project for which he received a B-, but after his flag was selected, his teacher changed his grade to an A (however, this claim is disputed). He also designed a 51-star flag for possible future use.

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Longest Measured Home Run

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Longest Measured Home Run

July 4, 1929

Roy Carlyle hits a 618 foot (188 meter) drive off of Ernie Nevers sending it out of the Oakland Oaks' ballpark, over the clubhouse, over the parking lot, and then over two buildings before it hit the gutter of a house leaving a mark. The impact was witnessed by one of his teammates.

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Curtiss flying the June Bug to win his prize Curtiss flying the June Bug to win his prize

Curtiss flying the June Bug to win his prize Curtiss flying the June Bug to win his prize
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Scientific American Airplane Prize

July 4, 1908

American aviator Glenn Curtiss flies his June Bug 5,080 ft (1,550 m) to win the first of three airplane prizes offered by Scientific American.

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America the Beautiful

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America the Beautiful

July 4, 1895

Katharine Lee Bates' poem called Pikes Peak is first published in the church publication Congregationalist. The poem Pikes Peak was inspired by an 1893 trip to Colorado, where she witnessed the wheat fields of Kansas, and the majestic view of the Great Plains from Pikes Peak. A revised version of Bates' poem was combined with music by Samuel A. Ward and published as America the Beautiful in 1910.
The original (which differs from the modern version):
"O beautiful for halcyon skies,
For amber waves of grain,
For purple mountain majesties
Above the enameled plain!
America! America!
God shed His grace on thee"

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Alice in Wonderland

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Alice in Wonderland

July 4, 1862

While on a rowboat to a picnic, 10-year-old Alice Liddell asks Charles Dodgson (AKA Lewis Carroll) to tell her and her sisters a story. He spun the story of a girl named Alice and her adventures when she fell down a rabbit hole. He then turned this into his most famous book.

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Washington Monument

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Washington Monument

July 4, 1848

The cornerstone of the first national monument to honor George Washington is laid.
Construction was halted from 1854 to 1877 due to a lack of funds. It was completed in 1884. At 555 feet (169 meters) tall, it is the world's tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk.

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Benjamin Franklin (left), John Adams (center), and Thomas Jefferson (right) reviewing a draft of the Declaration of Independence Benjamin Franklin (left), John Adams (center), and Thomas Jefferson (right) reviewing a draft of the Declaration of Independence

Benjamin Franklin (left), John Adams (center), and Thomas Jefferson (right) reviewing a draft of the Declaration of Independence Benjamin Franklin (left), John Adams (center), and Thomas Jefferson (right) reviewing a draft of the Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776

The U.S. Declaration of Independence is adopted by Congress. It announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule. Signing of the Declaration of Independence began on August 2nd.

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As it would have appeared to Chinese astronomers in 1054 (left) and how it appears now via telescope as the Crab Nebula As it would have appeared to Chinese astronomers in 1054 (left) and how it appears now via telescope as the Crab Nebula

As it would have appeared to Chinese astronomers in 1054 (left) and how it appears now via telescope as the Crab Nebula As it would have appeared to Chinese astronomers in 1054 (left) and how it appears now via telescope as the Crab Nebula
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Super Nova Explosion

July 4, 1054

The exploding star, SN 1054, is sighted by Chinese astronomers. It remained visible to the naked eye for about two years and formed what astronomers of the time called a guest star. Its remnants now form the Crab Nebula.

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First Disneyland Birth

July 4, 1979

Teresa Salcedo is born in the Disneyland amusement park.

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Largest U.S. Classical Concert

July 4, 1976

A crowd of 400,000 attends a concert by the Boston Pops conducted by Arthur Fiedler at the outdoor Hatch Memorial Shell during the celebration of the U.S. Bicentennial. The rendition of the 1812 Overture backdropped with fireworks was the climax of all day long network television coverage of the bicentennial.

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Rescued passengers back in Israel Rescued passengers back in Israel
Photo Credit: Government Press Office (Israel)

Rescued passengers back in Israel Rescued passengers back in Israel
Photo Credit: Government Press Office (Israel)
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Flight 139 - Raid on Entebbe

July 4, 1976

Israeli commandos rescue 103 hostages from Air France Flight 139. The flight with 248 passengers had been hijacked to Uganda by the PLO June 27th. After diverting to Entebbe Airport in Uganda, the hijackers demanded US$5 million and the release of 53 Palestinian and Pro-Palestinian militants, 40 of whom were prisoners in Israel. They threatened to begin killing hostages if the demands were not met by July 1st. On June 30th, 48 non-Israeli hostages were released. On July 1st, after the Israeli government agreed to negotiations, the deadline was extended their 4 July and another 100 non-Israeli hostages were released. About midnight of July 3rd, Israeli commandos, led by Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu flew into Entebbe airport undetected carrying a black Mercedes and Land Rovers to look like Ugandan President Idi Amin's entourage. Yonatan Netanyahu was the older brother of Benjamin Netanyahu, future Prime Minister of Israel. Upon approach to the terminal, one of the guards, aware that Idi Amin had recently changed to a white Mercedes, ordered the commandos to halt. The commandos opened fire killing the guards and alerting the hijackers. The commandos then hurriedly proceeded to where the hostages were held, killing one hijacker and two hostages in the initial gunfight. They then located and killed the other seven hijackers. Ugandan forces assaulted the commandos as they were evacuating the hostages. In the ensuing battle, Yonatan Netanyahu and about 40 Ugandan soldiers were killed.
Of the 106 hostages, three were killed in the gun battle, 10 were wounded, and a 74-year-old woman was left in Uganda for medical treatment after choking on a chicken bone. She was later killed in the hospital along with several medical staff by Ugandan forces under orders by Idi Amin. Amin also ordered the killing of hundreds of Kenyans living in Uganda in retaliation for Kenya's assistance to Israel in the raid.
The 1977 TV movie, Raid on Entebbe, was based on these events.

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Nuclear Mishap

July 4, 1961

The Soviet Union's first nuclear-powered missile-carrying submarine experiences a reactor failure during its maiden voyage, killing 10 crewmen.

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First Song by a British Artist to Hit #1 on the American Billboard Chart

July 4, 1952

Auf Wiederseh'n, Sweetheart by Vera Lynn.

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Philippine Independence

July 4, 1946

U.S. President Harry S. Truman grants independence to the islands which were acquired by the U.S. in 1898.

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Mount Rushmore

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Mount Rushmore

July 4, 1934

U.S. President George Washington's face on Mount Rushmore is completed and dedicated. The memorial was completed in 1941. Work had begun in 1927 by sculpture Gutzon Borglum who died in March of 1941 leaving his son to complete the task. The sculpture would feature the 60-foot (18 m) tall heads of U.S. Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. These presidents were chosen by Borglum to represent the nation's birth, growth, development, and preservation, respectively.

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Jack Dempsey

July 4, 1919

Jack Dempsey, the American fighter known as the Manassa Mauler, becomes the world heavy weight boxing championship with a 3rd-round TKO's of defending champion Jess Willard. He would hold the title until 1926.

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First Pacific Cable

July 4, 1903

The communications cable connecting San Francisco and the Philippines opens. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt sends a message around the world in 12 minutes.

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Second U.S. Gas Automobile

July 4, 1894

Elwood Haynes takes his first automobile for a test drive. It was the second gasoline-engine powered vehicle successfully road tested in the U.S., the first was by the Duryea brothers. It had a top speed of about 7 mph. He would later form Haynes-Apperson Company, the second U.S. automobile company.

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First Ship Sunk by an Electrically Detonated Mine

July 4, 1842

American gun manufacturer Samuel Colt sinks a gun boat with his device - called a torpedo - in New York harbor.

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First U.S. Passenger Railroad

July 4, 1828

The Baltimore & Ohio begins construction.

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West Point Opens

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West Point Opens

July 4, 1802

The United States Military Academy, known as West Point, formally opens. It is the oldest of the five American service academies.
It was originally established as a fort, since it sits on strategic high ground overlooking the Hudson River with a scenic view, 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. It was constructed on the site of Fort Clinton on West Point which Colonial General Benedict Arnold conspired to turn over to the British during the American Revolutionary War.

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First U.S. Tariff Law

July 4, 1789

Congress enacts a tax on imported goods to protect U.S. products. It also established customs officers.

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Birthdays

Craven Walker Photo Credit: Novemberchild

Craven Walker Photo Credit: Novemberchild
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Created the Lava Lamp

Craven Walker

Born July 4, 1918 d. 2000

English inventor. He created the Lava Lamp (1963). He got the idea from similar device he saw in a pub that had been created by a then deceased patron. He spent the next 15 years developing a commercial version of the oozing lamp.

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Ann Landers

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Ann Landers (Esther Pauline Friedman)

Born July 4, 1918 d. 2002

American advice columnist. She is the twin sister of the original "Dear Abby" columnist.

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Abigail Van Buren

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Dear Abby

Abigail Van Buren (Pauline Esther Friedman)

Born July 4, 1918 d. 2013

American advice columnist of "Dear Abby" fame. She is the twin sister of advice columnist Ann Landers (Esther Pauline Friedman).

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Iva Ikuko Toguri D'Aquino

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Tokyo Rose

Iva Ikuko Toguri D'Aquino

Born July 4, 1916 d. 2006

American propaganda broadcaster for the Japanese. She was the most famous of the women referred to as "Tokyo Rose" during World War II.
Born in the U.S. to Japanese immigrants, she was visiting Japan when the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor. Unable to return the U.S., she began hosting the radio show Zero Hour broadcasting propaganda and entertainment to U.S. troops. During this time, she used part of her earnings to buy and smuggle food to Allied POWs, as she had also done before she began broadcasting. Convicted of treason for her broadcasts (1949), she served six years in prison. She was pardoned by U.S. President Gerald Ford in 1977 after is was discovered that witnesses against her had been coerced into lying under oath.

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Gordon Griffith go to Video for Gordon Griffith

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First Tarzan of Film

Gordon Griffith

Born July 4, 1907 d. 1958

American actor. One of the first child actors, he became the first actor to portray Tarzan in film after appearing as the child Tarzan in Tarzan of the Apes (1918). Elmo Lincoln played Tarzan as an adult in the film, making him the first to portray an adult Tarzan. Griffith would also play Tarzan's son, Korak, in the 15 episode serial The Son of Tarzan (1920).
He also appeared as Tom Sawyer in Huckleberry Finn (1920).

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Goldberg's Self-Operating Napkin Goldberg's Self-Operating Napkin

Goldberg's Self-Operating Napkin Goldberg's Self-Operating Napkin
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Rube Goldberg (Reuben Garrett Lucius Goldberg)

Born July 4, 1883 d. 1970

American Pulitzer-winning cartoonist (1948). Known for designing elaborate machines to perform simple tasks. The term "Rube Goldberg Machine" has come to refer to such overly-complicated devices. The board game Mouse Trap was based on his contraptions.

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Calvin Coolidge

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Calvin Coolidge

Born July 4, 1872 d. 1933

American politician. 30th U.S. President (1923-29) and 29th U.S. Vice-President (1921-23). He became president after the death of Warren G. Harding.

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Ralph Johnson

Born July 4, 1951

American drummer, founding member of Earth, Wind & Fire. Music: Shining Star (1975, #1, Grammy), Best of My Love (1977, #1), and After the Love has Gone (1979, #2, Grammy).

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Ronald Lawrence Kovic

Born July 4, 1946

American paralyzed Vietnam veteran, anti-war activist. The movie Born on the Fourth of July is based on his memoirs. He was paralyzed while leading an attack in the DMZ.

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Junk Bond King

Michael Milken

Born July 4, 1946

American securities expert, philanthropist, "Junk-Bond King." He earned over $1 billion in a four-year period as head of Drexel Burnham Lambert's high-yield "junk" bond department, earning $550 million in 1987 alone. He later served 22 months in jail and paid $1.1 billion in fines for various securities violations. His security violations led to the downfall of Drexel Burnham Lambert. He now has a net worth of over $2 billion and is known for his charitable contributions.

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Geraldo Rivera Photo Credit: SRintoul at English Wikipedia

Geraldo Rivera Photo Credit: SRintoul at English Wikipedia
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Geraldo Rivera (Gerald Michael Riviera)

Born July 4, 1943

American Emmy-winning reporter, talk-show host. TV: Geraldo (1987-98, host), Al Capone's Vault (1986), and Fox News.

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Ed Bernard

Born July 4, 1939

American actor. TV: Police Woman (Det. Joe Styles).

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George Steinbrenner (George Michael Steinbrenner III)

Born July 4, 1930 d. 2010

American baseball owner, principal owner of the N.Y. Yankees from 1973-2010, during which time they won seven World Series titles.

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Neil Simon

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Neil Simon (Marvin Neil Simon)

Born July 4, 1927 d. 2018

American playwright. Film: Barefoot in the Park (1967), The Odd Couple (1968), and The Sunshine Boys (1975). Stage: Come Blow Your Horn (1961), Barefoot in the Park (1963), and The Odd Couple (1965).
He has received more combined Oscar and Tony Award nominations than any other writer.

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Gina Lollobrigida Photo Credit: Ivo Bulanda

Gina Lollobrigida Photo Credit: Ivo Bulanda
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Gina Lollobrigida (Luigia Lollobrigida)

Born July 4, 1927 d. 2023

Italian actress, photographer, one of the most glamorous stars of the 1950s.

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Eva Marie Saint

Born July 4, 1924

American Oscar-winning actress. Film: On the Waterfront (1954, Oscar) and North By Northwest (1959). TV: Moonlighting (Maddie Hayes' mother).

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Mitch Miller

Born July 4, 1911 d. 2010

American music producer, arranger. Music: Let Me Go, Lover (1954, #1). The FBI used his songs in an attempt to drive the cult Branch Davidians from their compound during the Waco disaster (1993).

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Meyer Lansky (Maier Suchowljanksy)

Born July 4, 1902 d. 1983

Russian-born American organized-crime financial wizard. He was responsible for laundering much of the Mafia's money.

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1950 Harlem Globetrotters World Series Team - Owner-Coach Abe Saperstein (right) 1950 Harlem Globetrotters World Series Team - Owner-Coach Abe Saperstein (right)

1950 Harlem Globetrotters World Series Team - Owner-Coach Abe Saperstein (right) 1950 Harlem Globetrotters World Series Team - Owner-Coach Abe Saperstein (right)
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Abe Saperstein

Born July 4, 1902 d. 1966

English-born basketball coach Hall of Famer. He formed and coached the Harlem Globetrotters (1927). Although the original players were from the Chicago area, Saperstein chose the name "New York Harlem Globe Trotters" as Harlem was considered the center of African-American culture at the time. Ironically, they did not play in Harlem until 1968, more than 40 years later.
At 5′3″ Saperstein is the shortest male member of the Basketball Hall of Fame. The Globetrotters won the World Professional Basketball Tournament in 1940.

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George M. Cohan

Born July 4, 1878 d. 1942

American playwright, songwriter. Music: Over There, You're a Grand Old Flag, and I'm a Yankee Doodle Dandy. Note: His birthday was actually July 3, although he claimed July 4 and celebrated on such.

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James Anthony Bailey

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James Anthony Bailey

Born July 4, 1847 d. 1906

American showman. P.T. Barnum's partner in Barnum & Bailey's Circus and owner of Jumbo, the giant elephant.

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Stephen Foster

Born July 4, 1826 d. 1864

American songwriter. Music: Oh! Susanna (1848) and My Old Kentucky Home (1853).

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Nathaniel Hawthorne

Born July 4, 1804 d. 1864

American author, The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of Seven Gables (1851).

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Sir George Everest

Born July 4, 1790 d. 1866

British surveyor. For whom Mt. Everest is named.

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Jean Pierre Francois Blanchard

Born July 4, 1753 d. 1809

French balloonist. He was the first to cross the English Channel in a balloon (1785) and is credited with inventing the parachute.

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Deaths

Pierre and Marie Curie in the laboratory (left) and Marie and a Mobile Military Hospital X-Ray-Unit Pierre and Marie Curie in the laboratory (left) and Marie and a Mobile Military Hospital X-Ray-Unit

Pierre and Marie Curie in the laboratory (left) and Marie and a Mobile Military Hospital X-Ray-Unit Pierre and Marie Curie in the laboratory (left) and Marie and a Mobile Military Hospital X-Ray-Unit
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Madame Marie Curie

Died July 4, 1934 b. 1867

Polish-born French Nobel-winning physicist. She and her husband Pierre Curie were pioneers in the study of radioactivity.
During World War I, Curie developed mobile radiography units for use near the front lines to assist battlefield surgeons and also set up France's first military radiology center in 1914.
She died from aplastic anemia believed to have been caused by her long-term exposure to radiation. They had carried out much of their work without safety precautions, as the risks of exposure to ionizing radiation were not known at the time. Even to this day, all their papers from the 1890s, even her cookbooks, are too dangerous to touch. Their daughter Irène, and her husband Frédéric Joliot also died as a result of radiation exposure.

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James Monroe

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James Monroe

Died July 4, 1831 b. 1758

American politician. 5th U.S. President (1817-25). He was the last president among the Founding Fathers of the U.S. As a delegate to the Virginia convention, he opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution, claiming it gave too much power to the central government.

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Thomas Jefferson

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Thomas Jefferson

Died July 4, 1826 b. 1743

American politician. 3rd U.S. President (1801-09), 2nd U.S. Vice-President (1797-1801). Author of the Declaration of Independence, and the first U.S. Secretary of State (1790-93). Both he and John Adams died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
Jefferson is credited with inventing the swivel chair, using the first one he made to write much of the Declaration of Independence.

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John Adams

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John Adams

Died July 4, 1826 b. 1735

American politician. First U.S. Vice-President (1789-97) and 2nd U.S. President (1797-1801). Father of the 6th president John Quincy Adams. Both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

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Jesse Helms

Died July 4, 2008 b. 1921

American politician, U.S. Senator (Rep., N.C.). Known for his conservative views, he was a founder of the Moral Majority (1979).

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Barry White

Died July 4, 2003 b. 1944

American singer-songwriter. Wrote The Harlem Shuffle and recorded the #1 hit Can't Get Enough of Your Love Baby.

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Charles Kuralt

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Charles Kuralt

Died July 4, 1997 b. 1934

American Emmy-winning TV journalist. TV: The CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite (1962, "On the Road" segments) and CBS News Sunday Morning (1979, anchor).
After his death, it was revealed that for 30 years Kuralt had a "second family" with a woman in Montana while his wife lived in New York City.
Quote: "Thanks to the Interstate Highway System, it is now possible to travel across the country from coast to coast without seeing anything."

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Eva Gabor

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Eva Gabor

Died July 4, 1995 b. 1919

Hungarian-American actress. TV: Green Acres (1965-71, Lisa Douglas). Married five times, she once stated, "Marriage is too interesting an experiment to be tried only once."
Film: The Aristocats (1970, voice of Duchess), and The Rescuers (1977, voice of Miss Bianca).

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Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli

Died July 4, 1910 b. 1835

Italian astronomer. He discovered the "canals" of Mars (1877).

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Hannibal Hamlin

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Hannibal Hamlin

Died July 4, 1891 b. 1809

American politician. 15th U.S. Vice-President (1861-65, under President Abraham Lincoln), U.S. Senator (1848-57, Maine), Governor of Maine (1857), U.S. House of Representatives (1843-47, Maine).

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Karl Ferdinand von Graefe

Died July 4, 1840 b. 1787

German surgeon. Founder of modern plastic surgery.

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Benedict V

Died July 4, 966 b. ????

Italian religious leader, 132nd Pope (May-June 964). Emperor Otto I had forcibly deposed Pope John XII, and replaced him with Leo VIII. But the Romans expelled Leo and elected Benedict V. Otto, angered by this action, attacked Rome, seized Benedict, and reinstated Leo.

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