1993 First first-day-of-issue dual-city postmark U.S. rock 'n' roll stamp booklet is issued with postmarks from Santa Monica, California and Cleveland, Ohio.

1987 Subway Vigilante Bernhard Goetz is convicted of carrying an unlicensed concealed weapon; he was later fined $5,000 and sentenced to six months in jail. He had been acquitted of the 1984 shooting of four black youths in a New York Subway.

1976 The Jacksons debuts on CBS, starring the Jackson Five.

1963 First woman in space Valentina V. Tereshkova aboard the Soviet Vostok 6.

1955 Pope Pius XII excommunicates all those, including Argentine Pres. Juan Perón, who had violated church rights in Argentina.

1948 First skyjacking A group of Chinese bandits attempt to ransom the passengers of a Hong Kong flight. When the pilot refused, the bandits fired shots causing the plane to crash. Everyone aboard was killed, except the leader of the hijackers.

1933 National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) is created establishing the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and Public Works Administration (PWA).

1933 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is established, providing insurance coverage for bank deposits.

1903 Pepsi The Pepsi-Cola trademark is registered with the U.S. Patent Office. The name is derived from its contents, pepsin and kola nuts.

1903 Ford Motor Company is founded.

1897 Hawaii The U.S. signs a treaty annexing the island territory. It was officially annexed the following year.

1893 Cracker Jack R.W. Rueckheim invents his popular confection. It was introduced to the public at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.

1888 Thomas Edison perfects the cylinder phonograph.

1884 Roller Coaster The first commercially-successful gravity-powered American roller coaster goes into operation. The Coney Island, N.Y attraction charged 5¢ a passenger and averaged $600 a day.

1858 Abraham Lincoln states "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free."

1838 John Q. Adams gives congress his speech on right of petition and freedom of speech. His speech lasted until July 7.

1657 Pendulum Clock The pendulum clock is patented by astronomer Christiaan Huygens. He needed it for his astronomical observations.

1951 Roberto Duran Panamanian boxer, lightweight champion (1972-79), welterweight (1980), and junior middleweight (1983-84).

1943 Joan Van Ark American actress. TV: Dallas (Valene Ewing) and Knots Landing.

1939 Billy "Crash" Craddock American singer. Music: Knock Three Times (1971) and I Cheated On A Good Woman's Love (1981).

1920 John Howard Griffin d. 1980 American author. His best-seller Black Like Me (1961) was based on his travels through the South after chemically darkening his skin to appear as a black man.

1907 Jack Albertson d. 1981 American Oscar-Tony-Emmy-winning actor. TV: Chico and the Man (Ed Brown - the Man).

1890 Stan Laurel d. 1965 (Arthur Stanley Jefferson), British-born American comedian, actor. He made over 200 films with his partner Oliver Hardy.

1858 Gustav V d. 1950 King of Sweden (1907-50). He maintained Sweden's neutrality during World Wars I and II.

1801 Julius Plücker d. 1868 German mathematician physicist. He discovered that cathode rays are diverted by magnetic fields, the principal upon which TV pictures tubes are made. He also discovered that spectral lines are unique to each chemical, the principal of spectroscopy.

1959 George Reeves b. 1914 (George Besselo), American actor. TV: Superman from the series.

1930 Elmer Ambrose Sperry b. 1860 American engineer, inventor of the gyro-compass (1910) and founder of Sperry Electric Co. (1888).

1912 Eli Hamilton Janney b. 1831 American inventor. He patented the first American automatic railroad coupler (1873).

1878 Crawford Williamson Long b. 1815 American physician, first to use anesthesia for surgery, he used diethyl ether during the removal of a neck tumor (1842).

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